alter pH and cause microabrasions that lead to irritation Lactic acid or polyhydroxy acids at the appropriate pH
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Clears acne and blackheads Can dry out surface oil, but often worsens the skin barrier and inflammation Salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide (over-the-counter)
Brightens and evens skin tone Limited evidence; irritation may trigger post-inflammatory signs Niacinamide, vitamin C derivatives, azelaic acid
Reduces oiliness and
shine Temporary absorption possible, but oiliness often returns Niacinamide, clay masks should be used sparingly
Soothes minor irritation Alkaline nature may cause burning or inflammation in
