natural architecture of sleep, affecting the REM and deep sleep phases crucial for memory consolidation. These changes can lead to temporary amnesia and learning difficulties. Using alternatives such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and practicing good sleep hygiene can reduce dependence on these medications.
Opioids
Opioids, commonly used to treat chronic pain, are known for their detrimental effects on cognition and memory. These medications can reduce brain oxygenation and slow neuronal function, causing “brain fog.” They also impact the limbic system, which is associated with emotions and memory
