is credible evidence that high, long-term exposure to anticholinergic drugs—and possibly chronic benzodiazepine use—is associated with a modestly increased risk of dementia, while data on PPIs remain mixed. The safest path is informed, individualized prescribing: keep doses low, durations short, reconsider legacy drugs at every visit, and lean on non-drug strategies where they work. Never adjust or stop a medication without consulting your healthcare provider.
